Development of chitosan films with Sideritis congesta essential oil and hazelnut shell extract
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2025
Yazarlar: Ayse Muslu Aykoc, Özgül ÖZDESTAN OCAK
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, Uluslararası, Wos, 2025, cilt 61
Özet
Abstract Chitosan films were formulated with 0.25%–1% Sideritis congesta essential oil (SCEO) vol/vol and 2.5%–10% hazelnut shell extract (HSE) vol/vol. Assessments were based on physical properties, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties were significantly influenced by the additives, compared to control films (tensile strength [TS]: 94.35 MPa; elongation at break [EAB]: 62.86%), the incorporation of 10% HSE enhanced flexibility (EAB: 69.66%), whereas 1% SCEO reduced mechanical strength (TS: 39.44 MPa). However, additives dramatically improved bioactive performance compared to the low activity of control films (total phenolic content [TPC]: 2.67 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]: 6.66%; 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS]: 9.31%). The film with 1% SCEO demonstrated the highest bioactivity (TPC: 19.46 mg GAE/g; DPPH: 34.18%; ABTS: 44.32%), followed by 10% HSE (TPC: 13.54 mg GAE/g; DPPH: 23.79%; ABTS: 35.69%). Optical properties also shifted significantly; compared to clear Control films (L* = 16.54, a* = −1.93, b* = 1.99), HSE-10 films were darker (L* = 9.86, a* = −0.59, b* = −0.04), while SCEO-1 appeared greenish-yellow (L* = 33.24, a* = −3.16, b* = 11.66). Consequently, the formulation containing 10% HSE was deemed optimal for applications requiring flexibility, while the 1% SCEO formulation was identified as the most effective for oxidation-sensitive high-fat foods due to its superior antioxidant capacity, despite the reduction in mechanical strength.