Investigation of cellular mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of achalasia subtypes
Project no. 23040 · Status: Kapanmış (Yayın bekleniyor) · 2021
Summary
<p><br></p><p>Achalasia is a rare motility disorder characterized by the loss of peristaltic movements in the esophagus and the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax adequately. The aim of this study is to compare the gene and protein expression levels related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation in different subtypes of achalasia and evaluate their impact on the disease's pathogenesis.</p><p>The study included 6 control subjects, 14 patients with Type 1/2 achalasia, and 7 patients with Type 3 achalasia. Muscle tissues were obtained from both the proximal and distal segments of the esophagus. Gene expression analyses focused on the levels of 39 genes associated with ER stress and inflammation, while protein expression studies examined ER stress markers such as GRP78, GADD, IRE1, and PERK. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were also performed to assess pathological processes like inflammation, edema, and fibrosis in the tissues.</p><p>The results indicated significantly higher expression levels of GRP78, GADD, IRE1, and PERK in the Type 3 achalasia group compared to the control and Type 1/2 groups. Widespread inflammation, edema, and fibrosis were also observed in the Type 3 group. These findings suggest that Type 3 achalasia is characterized by more severe inflammatory and fibrotic processes, with ER stress playing a critical role in its pathology.</p><p>In conclusion, identifying new therapeutic targets for the pathogenesis of achalasia subtypes, particularly treatments targeting ER stress in Type 3 achalasia, is of significant importance.</p>