Investigation of Estetrol during Fetal Development Period of Rats
Project no. 29714 · Status: Kapanmış (Yayın bekleniyor) · 2023
Summary
<p class="ql-align-justify">Although the vast majority of published studies on Estetrol (E4) state that E4 is a hormone synthesized in humans and, to a lesser extent, in some higher mammals, and is not found in rodents such as rats and mice, the number of studies specifically investigating the presence of E4 in other species is limited. We could not find studies investigating its presence in rodents. Demonstrating that a molecule known to be secreted in the human fetus is not produced in the rat fetus will greatly contribute to understanding why E4 is secreted and what it does, by focusing on the different developing tissues of these two species during fetal development. Demonstrating that it exists in the rat fetus will greatly contribute to understanding why E4 is secreted and what it does, by focusing on the similar developing tissues of the two species, and by identifying the tissues where estrogen receptors are simultaneously expressed. The primary aim of the study is to test and detect the presence of E4 and the 15α-hydroxylase enzyme required for E4 synthesis in rat embryos and fetuses, and to identify the tissues where estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are expressed, to which they can simultaneously bind if detected.</p><p class="ql-align-justify">For this purpose, embryo and fetus samples belonging to Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats from the 2nd day of pregnancy (EG2) to the 21st day of pregnancy (EG21) were extracted without contamination, and E4 and estradiol (E2) levels were determined from these samples using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mRNA expression of Cyp2a2 enzyme, the counterpart of 15α-hydroxylase enzyme in rats, was determined using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and ERα and ERβ receptors were demonstrated in tissues using immunohistochemical methods.</p><p class="ql-align-justify">In our HPLC study, the retention times of E4 in the column were 3.023 minutes and 3.015 minutes for 262nm and 280nm wavelengths, respectively. The retention times of E2 in the column were 4.542 and 4.544 minutes for 262nm and 280nm wavelengths, respectively. In our study, E4 was detected in embryo and fetus samples as of the 8th day of rat pregnancy by HPLC method. It could not be detected in non-pregnant rats and in the first 7 days of rat embryos.</p><p class="ql-align-justify">In all tissues measured from EG0 to EG21, signals related to peaks were obtained in the real-time PCR method indicating the mRNA expression of Cyp2a2 enzyme.</p><p class="ql-align-justify">ERα was first detected as immunopositive in decidual cells at EG10, and was widely stained as immunopositive in the heart and placental circulation, ossification regions and structures VII that will form the central nervous system on the following days. ERβ was found to be expressed in basal plate structure at EG14, similar to ERα but at relatively higher levels, and was widely expressed in cortical regions on all other days between EG15 and EG21.</p><p class="ql-align-justify">E4 is not a human spesific hormone, and is secreted during rat pregnancy, similar to human pregnancy. E4 may be produced in rats specifically for one of the processes of placental-fetal circulation, central nervous system development and bone development, or it may be produced to take part in all of them. Considering that we detected the presence of E4 in brain tissues on all days starting from EG14, E4 may undertake a role in the cerebral cortex, especially in the migration of neuroblasts. Further studies with human and rat fetal tissues will contribute to the understanding of the function of E4</p>