SELENIUM AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN A HOSPITAL IN GAZİEMİR
Project no. 28 · Status: Kapanmış · 2016
Summary
Introduction and aim: Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease that particularly affects the aorta, coronary and cerebral arteries and is the leading cause of death in the world and Turkey and this disease is one of the public health problems in terms of job loss, quality of life and cost. Although there are many hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the mostly accepted hypothesis is the oxidative stres hypothesis. When free radical formation in the body increases, the antioxidant defense mechanism comes into play. If the antioxidant system is insufficient, oxidative stres develops in the organism. Enzyme systems such as glutathion peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase which protect against reactive oxygen species are available. Glutathione peroxidase is antioxidants that prevent radical formation, and selenium removal is needed in sufficient quantities to increase their activity. Some clinical studies suggest that oxidant activity decreases with atherosclerotic diseases, but the relationship between antioxidants and atherosclerosis is not fully known. Studies that do examine the relationship between selenium and atherosclerosis are limited and contradictory. In this study, we aimed to compare serum selenium levels of healthy and atherosclerotic individuals. Materials and methods: This is a case control study. We calculated the minimal sample size with GPower program; effect size an 0,5%, error 5%, power 80%; which was determined as 128 people. Due to the possibility of error in blood sample handling, we decided to include 140 people (70 case, 70 control) and finally 148 people (74 cases, 74 controls) were included in this study. We reviewed the epicrisis of people aged 45 years or older who applied to Akut Cardiovascular Hospital. The persons who accepted the study, for whom an angiography, decision was taken study. They signed an informed answer form. After angiography and radiological consulation, we obtained two group; macroscopic atherosclerosis and healthy group. However, we distinguished two sub-group among atherosclerotic patients: carotid artery disease and coronary artery disease. We included 148 people (79 men, 69 women) the study: 36 patients were diagnosed as coronary artery disease (lesion status: ?%70), 38 as carotid artery disease (lesion status: ?%70) and 74 as control group (coronary lesion status <30%, carotid lesion status <50%). We used Tanita BC-418 MA and inflexible mezura for anthropometric measurements of individuals. The patients’ blood was taken from yellow gelluli after fasting for at least eight hours. Biochemical tests were conducted in the Akut Cardiovascular Hospital laboratory. Selenium levels were sent to the EgeLab laboratory. Selenium levels were compared in the two and three groups according to the atherosclerosis status. According to the t test, variance analysis, univariate logistic regression, chi-square and correlation analysis were used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 63.3 ± 9.4. The risk of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis was found to be 3,23 times higher in men than in women and the risk of atherosclerosis increased by 1,08 times with each per year increase in age. The mean serum selenium levels of the subject were 106,0±29,5: 106.3 ± 30.5 µg / L in patients with coronary artery disease, 107.3 ± 31.3 µg / L in patients with carotid artery, and 105.2 ± 28.4 µg / L in controls. Finally, we found no relationship between atherosclerosis and selenium (p>0,05). In addition, we found a significant correlation between HDL-C and DM and atherosclerosis (p<0,05). Results and Suggestions: Selenium levels were not associated with atherosclerosis and its risk factors in the study group. For the reason, participants’ selenium levels may generally be good or high. There is a need for more detailed studies that examine soil structure and nutrition and nutrition patterns.