MODERN TÜRK EDEBİYATINDA MİTOLOJİ (1860-1900)

Proje no. 934 · Durum: Kapanmış (Yayın bekleniyor) · 2015

Özet

ABSTRACTThe Ottoman Empire battled against the Holy Alliance only to be defeated, and at the end of this war, the Treaty of Karlowitz was signed in 1699, resulting in the loss of a large territory in the West for the first time. The administrators and scholars noticed that they had fallen behind the West, first militarily and then in the scientific, social, and cultural fields, and they initiated a search for solutions. In 1839, following this process, the Tanzimat Edict was proclaimed, and Ottoman subjects shifted away from the Eastern civilization they had been immersed in since their arrival in Anatolia and began to be dominated by Western civilization. This process, which later came to be known as "Westernization" or "Modernization", started primarily in the military and education and spread to almost every field over time. A new generation emerged that dressed similarly to Westerners, decorated their homes as they did, learned foreign languages, read Western literature, and traveled abroad. The Tanzimat Reform Era, was a period of transition for Ottoman society. In many areas, dualities were encountered at first, thus alaturca (in a European mode) and alafranga (in a Turkish or Ottoman mode) were side by side in many areas. The impact of the new social environment created by the Edict began to be observed in literature towards the 1860s. For intercultural communication, translation and language learning were prioritized. Ottoman scholars and artists followed the precedent of French literature, which was also influencing European literature at the time. Through translations from the West and adaptation to Western life, the sources and values of the West inevitably flowed into our literature. The Ottoman Empire had a long history with the West, going back to Byzantium, albeit with more trade relations between the two societies. For centuries, scholars and artists were familiar with the polytheistic mythology of the West, but they ignored this un-Islamic structure. However, with the influence of the Renaissance, Western artists seeking their origins in ancient Greece and Rome were using mythology a lot in their works. Western mythology first appeared in our literature with Yusuf Kamil Pasha's translation of Fenelon's Telemachus, and over time the number of translations increased and artists began to use elements of Western mythology in their works. In our study, the influence of mythology on Turkish literature in the Tanzimat Reform Era and its reflections in literary works are discussed due to the lack of research on this interaction.Keywords: Tanzimat Literature, mythology, Ancient Greece and Rome, symbol

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