Monitoring of Arsenic Cycle through Functional Genes in Paddy Fields and Its Effects on Final Product Quality
Project no. 22532 · Status: Kapanmış · 2020
Summary
<p>Today, the whole world is faced with a large increase in food demand due to rapid population growth. For this reason, the importance of agricultural production activities is gradually increasing. However, in addition to increasing agricultural production; It is important to examine natural resources and plant parts, including irrigation water and soil used in production areas, in terms of toxic pollutants. Because environmental pollution with toxic pollutants is another important research topic that raises concerns about the environment and human health today. From this point of view, within the scope of this project; rice, which has an important share in meeting the food needs of the world, was chosen as the examination material. Samplings of soil, slime, water and different plant parts were carried out at various stages from agricultural lands where Gonen rice, which is a rice variety unique to our country, is grown. Total arsenic as well as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), cupper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) contents were determined due to the fact that the samples obtained constitute a significant health threat. In addition, Real Time Quantitative PCR studies were carried out for the arsenate reductase gene <em>arsC </em>and the methyl coenzyme M reductase gene <em>mcrA</em> for the detection of arsenic cycles and CH4 production at the functional gene level in related areas.</p><p>When the rice grain and glume samples were evaluated in terms of arsenic accumulation, the highest values were obtained from the Danakumu region, while the lowest values were obtained from the Ulukır region. When the samples were evaluated without separating the glume, the highest value was obtained from Gündoğan and the lowest value was obtained from Ulukır region.</p><p>The highest <em>ars</em>C gene copy numbers were also found in the slime samples, consistent with the highest bacterial load in the Danakumu DKB1 sample. At the same time, it was determined that the highest <em>mcr</em>A gene copy number among all samples was found in this sample. It was observed that there was no significant relationship between the amount of arsenic contained in soil, water and loam samples and the <em>ars</em>C gene copy number present in these samples. While the <em>mcr</em>A gene copy number was high, consistent with the high total bacterial load in the first Danakumu slime sample obtained by fully saturating the agricultural land with water before germination started, a decrease in the copy number of this gene region occurred with the onset of germination. As a result of the study, no significant relationship was found between the amount of arsenic found in the slime and the <em>ars</em>C gene copy number in the same samples. However, as a result of the highest <em>ars</em>C gene copy numbers obtained in Danakumu slime samples, it was determined that the highest arsenic accumulation was observed in shoot, rice grain and glume samples obtained from this region.</p>