Utilization of agricultural and food industry wastes

Project no. 32246 · Status: Kapanmış (Yayın bekleniyor) · 2024

Summary

<p>The&nbsp;utilization&nbsp;of&nbsp;agricultural&nbsp;and&nbsp;food&nbsp;industry&nbsp;wastes&nbsp;which&nbsp;are&nbsp;tomato&nbsp;pomace&nbsp;(TP)&nbsp;and&nbsp;broccoli&nbsp;leaves&nbsp;(BL)&nbsp;through&nbsp;the&nbsp;hydrothermal&nbsp;process&nbsp;(HP)&nbsp;and&nbsp;their&nbsp;conversion&nbsp;into&nbsp;value-added&nbsp;products&nbsp;was&nbsp;investigated&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;project.&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;study,&nbsp;HP,&nbsp;a&nbsp;green&nbsp;extraction&nbsp;method&nbsp;was&nbsp;applied&nbsp;at&nbsp;various&nbsp;temperatures&nbsp;(100–200&nbsp;°C)&nbsp;and&nbsp;durations&nbsp;(0–120&nbsp;min)&nbsp;for&nbsp;polyphenol&nbsp;recovery&nbsp;from&nbsp;wastes.&nbsp;The&nbsp;maximum&nbsp;total&nbsp;polyphenol&nbsp;content&nbsp;was&nbsp;obtained&nbsp;at&nbsp;160&nbsp;°C&nbsp;and&nbsp;0&nbsp;min&nbsp;for&nbsp;BL&nbsp;at&nbsp;4.22&nbsp;mg&nbsp;GAE/g&nbsp;waste,&nbsp;while&nbsp;it&nbsp;was&nbsp;obtained&nbsp;at&nbsp;140&nbsp;°C&nbsp;and&nbsp;120&nbsp;min&nbsp;for&nbsp;TP&nbsp;waste&nbsp;at&nbsp;4.20&nbsp;mg&nbsp;GAE/g.&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;second&nbsp;part,&nbsp;the&nbsp;fuel&nbsp;properties&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;solid&nbsp;residues&nbsp;(hydrochar)&nbsp;obtained&nbsp;after&nbsp;HP&nbsp;were&nbsp;analyzed.&nbsp;The&nbsp;carbon&nbsp;content&nbsp;and&nbsp;energy&nbsp;density&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;hydrochars&nbsp;increased&nbsp;with&nbsp;higher&nbsp;process&nbsp;severity.&nbsp;Specifically,&nbsp;BL-derived&nbsp;hydrochars&nbsp;obtained&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;180-200&nbsp;°C&nbsp;range&nbsp;exhibited&nbsp;lignite-like&nbsp;characteristics.&nbsp;Furthermore,&nbsp;activated&nbsp;carbon&nbsp;production&nbsp;from&nbsp;hydrochars&nbsp;was&nbsp;carried&nbsp;out&nbsp;with&nbsp;ZnCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;activation.&nbsp;The&nbsp;activated&nbsp;carbons&nbsp;derived&nbsp;from&nbsp;BL&nbsp;hydrochar&nbsp;possessed&nbsp;higher&nbsp;surface&nbsp;area&nbsp;and&nbsp;pore&nbsp;volume&nbsp;compared&nbsp;to&nbsp;those&nbsp;from&nbsp;TP.&nbsp;Methylene&nbsp;Blue&nbsp;adsorption&nbsp;studies&nbsp;carried&nbsp;out&nbsp;with&nbsp;activated&nbsp;carbons&nbsp;derived&nbsp;from&nbsp;BL&nbsp;hydrochar&nbsp;showed&nbsp;that&nbsp;activated&nbsp;carbons&nbsp;have&nbsp;high&nbsp;adsorption&nbsp;capacity.&nbsp;Overall,&nbsp;the&nbsp;results&nbsp;showed&nbsp;that&nbsp;both&nbsp;wastes&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;utilized&nbsp;as&nbsp;feedstocks&nbsp;in&nbsp;polyphenol&nbsp;extraction,&nbsp;biofuel&nbsp;production,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;synthesis&nbsp;of&nbsp;activated&nbsp;carbons&nbsp;with&nbsp;high&nbsp;adsorption&nbsp;capacity&nbsp;by&nbsp;subjecting&nbsp;them&nbsp;to&nbsp;hydrothermal&nbsp;treatment.</p>

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