Fransız Basınında Yeni Türkiye'nin Modernleşmesi (1922-1938)
Project no. 21152 · Status: Kapanmış (Yayın bekleniyor) · 2020
Summary
The Ottoman Empire, which started to percieve the fact of the superiority of the West as of the 18th century, entered into a comprehensive Westernization process from the beginning of the 19th century in order to resist the Western armies and to restore the deteriorated authority of the state. This process, which started with the priority of the army, also took place in other institutions of the state over time. Although some important steps were covered by the end of the century; military defeats, territorial losses and economic bankruptcy could not been prevented. The defeats of Balkan and Italo-Turkish Wars demonstrated explicitly that the end of the state is imminent and The First World War brought about the inevitable end. At the end of the war, the Entente States started to occupy the Ottoman Empire in line with their plans they have made. The Na-tional Struggle, which started in the center of Anatolia against these occupations and reached the victory under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Paşa, resulted in the establishment of a new Turkish state in Ankara, the center of the struggle. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, The New Turkey had entered into a process of Westernization much more daring and sharp, by virtue of the accumulated experience that had come from the Ottoman Empire. Within this framework, well-established institutions such as sultanate and caliphate was abolished and the state was made secular and national in almost every field. The French press, which was home Eu-rope's leading media organizations, realized relatively at an early date that a new state was to emerge in Anatolia, and called it "New Turkey". The French Press which uttered at every oppurtunity that New Turkey desired to become Westernized and modern, ob-served closely the revolutions which was realized in the period of Atatürk and made comprehensive assessments both Atatürk and Turkey. In this regard, it can be said that the assessments of which the French press made about Turkey are also important with regards to determine the European perspective of is period about Turkey and Atatürk. In this study, the general assessments of the French press about Turkey in the period of 1922-1938 have been handled in a comprehensive manner by using news, interviews, articles, columns, letters and memoirs published in the French newspapers and magazines which have beem translated from French to Turkish by us.