Investigation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Hawthorn Fruits Growing Naturally in Bingöl

Project no. 30828 · Status: Kapanmış (Yayın bekleniyor) · 2023

Summary

Hawthorn, an important forest fruit, is classified in the Crataegus genus of the Maloidae subfamily of the Rosaceae family. While hawthorn has over 200 species, some taxonomists report 1,200, and Türkiye has 24. In this study, orange, dark red, and yellow hawthorn fruit genotypes grown naturally on the southern slopes of the Bingöl Mountains, located between the Varto district of Muş and the Karlıova district of Bingöl, were analyzed in 2023. The characteristics of not only the fresh fruit but also the naturally dried fruit of the 23 hawthorn genotypes used in the study were determined. In fresh hawthorn, fruit weight was found to be 1.7-3.4 g, number of seeds was 1.2-4.6, seed weight was 0.08-0.16 g, fruit width was 14.5-22.2 mm, fruit length was 13.7-15.9 mm, and fruit flesh ratio was 73.7-85.7%. Color valueswere found to be; L was 31.7-68.3, a was 22.0-43.9, b was 15.2-47.0, Hue (h0) was 24.1-67.5, Chroma (C*) was 39.1-55.4, respectively. pH was determined to be 3.6-3.9, titratable acidity (TA) was 1.2-2.8%, water soluble solids (TSS) was 15-20.7% and moisture content of the product was 56.5-67.5%. Hawthorns were found to have high vitamin C levels of 9.1-48.0 mg/100 g, antioxidant capacity of 41.1-125.7 µmol TE/g FA, and total phenolic content of 884.5-1,229.5 mg GAE/100 g FW. Additionally, 1.60-4.27 g/100 g fructose and 0.92-1.60 g/100 g glucose were detected in the fruits. When dried hawthorn fruits were analyzed, fruit weight was determined as 0.6-1.2 g, color values were determined as L 13.5-57.96, a 10.48-29.44, b 6.87-47.21, h0 34.86-67.10, C* 12.53-52.51, C*, pH 4.02-4.37, 15.5-19.5%, TA 0.07-0.17%, antioxidant activity as 32.55-198.57 µmol TE/g FW, and total phenolic content as 453.39-548.00 mg GAE/100 g FW.Hawthorn fruit is a very important fruit for sustainable agriculture, human health, and medicinal drug production. The physical structure of the tree and its ability to withstand harsh climatic and soil conditions make this fruit valuable. It is a sustainable species due to its success in preventing erosion, providing shelter for animals, and providing a source of livelihood for the local community. This study aimed to determine the physical and biochemical properties of hawthorn berries of different genotypes grown at different elevations in this region.Keywords: Hawthorn, Crataegus spp., bioactive compounds, sustainability

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