Evaluation of the Effect of Garlic Oil on the Expression of miR-21, miR-150, and miR-155 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line

Project no. 30822 · Status: Kapanmış · 2023

Summary

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and current treatment approaches remain insufficient in significantly improving patient prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in tumor progression and metastasis by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Particularly, miR-21, miR-150, and miR-155 are known to be overexpressed in NSCLC, significantly contributing to disease pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for cellular signaling and survival. In NSCLC, ROS imbalance promotes chronic inflammation, thereby supporting tumor progression. Given the interaction between ROS and miRNA expression, miRNAs are considered potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC pathogenesis.This study investigates the regulatory effects of garlic oil, known for its anticancer and antioxidant properties, on miRNA expression in NSCLC cell lines. Garlic oil is reported to suppress ROS production through its biologically active components, thereby preventing DNA damage and apoptosis. Cells were treated with 53, 150, and 300 μg/mL garlic oil for 72 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay, and the IC₅₀ value was determined as 53 μg/mL. Apoptosis and necrosis levels were analyzed using Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, revealing a significant increase in apoptotic cell ratios.Gene expression analyses demonstrated that garlic oil modulates miRNA and apoptotic signaling pathways. At the IC₅₀ dose, miR-21, miR-150, and miR-155 expression levels increased approximately 9-, 145-, and 37-fold, respectively. Additionally, increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as BAX and CAS8, along with alterations in the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2, were detected. These findings suggest that garlic oil has the potential to suppress proliferation, induce apoptosis, and regulate gene expression levels in NSCLC cells. Notably, the regulation of genes involved in apoptotic signaling pathways and significant alterations in miRNA expression levels indicate that garlic oil may serve as a promising therapeutic agent. Therefore, garlic oil should be considered a potential natural agent for NSCLC treatment, highlighting the need for further preclinical and clinical investigations.

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