Surface Roughness Comparison of Implant Abutments Produced with Different Materials and Techniques by AFM and SEM and Investigation of Microbiological Retention

Project no. 23261 · Status: Kapanmış · 2021

Summary

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the surface roughness among abutments produced with different materials and methods by AFM and SEM analyses and microbiological analysis and comparison of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans adhesion to abutments produced with different materials and methods.Materials and Methods: The material/technique combinations used in the study were Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by casting method, Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Titanium (Grade 5) produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Zirconia produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Titanium produced by CAD-CAM Milling method and colored with anodization method, Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by Laser Sintering method, and stock abutments (Titanium Grade 5) obtained from the factory as a control group.According to the power analysis, a total of 49 samples, with 7 samples per group, were prepared in disk shape with dimensions of 5 mm x 2 mm. After standardization with the methods described in the literature, polishing procedures were applied to each group after production. Each prepared sample was examined using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and then a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the values related to the surface characteristics were recorded. These findings were statistically evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and non-parametric tests.Then, for all groups, 3 samples per group were used to inoculate Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, and the total number of microorganisms after 8 hours and 24 hours were counted. The obtained data were recorded, and the findings were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests.Results: When surface roughness parameters were examined, statistically significant differences were found between groups for Ra, Rq, and Rmax values (p<0.05). The lowest Ra value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.004 μm (±0.001), and the highest Ra value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 0.112 μm (±0.055). The lowest Rq value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.007 μm (±0.001), and the highest Rq value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 0.1428 μm (±0.067). The lowest Rmax value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.133 μm (±0.039), and the highest Rmax value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 1.035 μm (±0.438).After microbiological inoculation and counting procedures, S. mutans accumulated most in the Zirconia Milling group (5.87±0.08) within 24 hours, and least in the Milling Cr-Co group (4.04±0.11), and most in the Zirconia Milling group (5.24±0.24) within 8 hours, and least in the Casting Cr-Co group (4.52±0.14). After microbiological inoculation and counting procedures, C. albicans accumulated most in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock group (6.41±0.03) within 24 hours, and least in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodization group (6.13±0.03), and most in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock group (6.43±0.04) within 8 hours, and least in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodization group (5.15±0.03).Conclusion: Disks produced with Zirconia Milling were observed to have the highest surface roughness value compared to other groups for all three surface roughness parameters. When microbial adhesion was examined, there was a significant difference between sample groups for both S. mutans and C. albicans at both 8 and 24 hours. The statistical significance of both surface roughness and microbial adhesion in each group can give information for clinicians in material selection according to the cases.

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