Effect of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality and Plant Nutrient Content of Almond Cvs. ‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Ferraduel’
Project no. 21258 · Status: Kapanmış · 2020
Summary
<p>Almond is a temperate climate fruit that should be grown with appropriate rootstocks, convenient variety combinations, and reproductive trees with quality fruits. Fruit tree rootstocks affect the fruit pomological characteristics, yield, fruit quality, and plant nutrient content of the grafted varieties. In this study, the pomological properties (The weight of the shelled fruits and kernels, length, width, thickness, kernel yield), yield, antioxidant capacities, total phenol contents, fatty acids, and nutrient contents of the 'Ferragnes' and 'Ferraduel' varieties, which are grafted on Garnem, GF 677 and Seedling rootstock were determined for two years. Nitrogen (N) analyses carried out on the leaves were found to be significantly higher in samples taken from Garnem and GF-677 rootstocks grafted with the ‘Ferraduel’ variety with the ratio of %2,29 and %2,44; respectively. Phosphorus (P) content was found to be the highest at %0,35 in the ‘Ferraduel’ almond variety grafted on GF-677 rootstock. In Potassium (K) analyses, a high value of %0,67 was observed in fruit samples taken from ‘Ferraduel’ grafted on Garnem trees in the first year. Magnesium (Mg) levels did not differ in fruit samples, while was the highest in leaves taken from ‘Ferraduel’ grafted on Garnem trees with a rate of %1,27. Palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid were the main fatty acids in almond samples. Antioxidant activities of almonds grown in different rootstocks ranged between 4,80-9,50 µ mol TE/g FW, and total phenol content between 56,21-133,14 mg GAE/100 g FW. The antioxidant and phenol x content of Seedling rootstocks were found to be high compared to GF-677 rootstock and Garnem rootstock. The fruit size of both almond varieties grown on Seedling rootstock and Garnem rootstock were found to be higher than those of Garnem rootstock. The kernel yield average for both years was found to be 22,14% in Seedling/Ferraduel, 23,21% in Garnem/Ferraduel, 23,59% in GF-677/Ferraduel, 33,82% in Seedling/Ferragnes, 32,57% in Garnem/Ferragnes, and 34,12% GF677/Ferragnes. Although the almond weights and lengths were higher in the Seedling rootstock, the kernel yields of the other two clone rootstocks were found to be high. The yield values of ‘Ferraduel’ cultivar were determined as 6,38 kg per tree on average, 14,8 kg on Garnem rootstock, 12,36 kg on GF-677 rootstock; In the Ferragnes variety, it was determined as 5,9 kg in the Seedling rootstock, 16,34 kg in the Garnem rootstock, and 13,29 kg in the GF-677 rootstock. Considering that the yield values of GF-677 rootstock were high, GF-677 rootstock was determined to be suitable for ‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Ferraduel’ almond cultivation.</p>