Comparison of Aerosol Contamination Caused by Ultrasonic Scalers and Efficiency of High Volume Aspiration Systems, In Vitro

Project no. 22179 · Status: Kapanmış (Yayın bekleniyor) · 2020

Summary

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different high volume aspiration systems by measuring the droplet contamination produced when working with a piazzeoelectric ultrasonic scaler.Material and Method: Mock-scaling was performed on a mannequin with phantom teeth by using piezzoelectric ultrasonic scaler under different aspiration systems (Group S: Suction, Group L: Lobster retractor aspirator+Suction, Group AD: WS Aerosol Defender+Suction, Group SA: High Volume Evacuator (Surgical Aspirator) +Suction) for 20 minutes. All trials were performed by the same dentist, and 7 trials were performed for each group. White filter papers were placed on plastic rods at 60° intervals in the horizontal direction at 12, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 o'clock and vertically at 30, 60 and 90 cm distances. Each filter paper was given a letter code according to its position. A, B, C, D, E, F letters were given to represent the 12, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 o'clock directions in which the plastic rods were placed, and the letter V for the vertical direction was given. The papers placed at 6 o'clock, which received the D code, were on the patient. The papers placed at 8 o'clock with the E code represent the operator. 1 g of methylene blue was added to 1 liter of distilled water into the water tank of the ultrasonic scaler. After 20 minutes, dye contamination was observed on the filter papers and the papers were photographed and recorded. The measurement of the percentage of staining of the papers in the numbered photographs was made in the Image J® program by a blind evaluator, by repeating twice. Contamination amounts in different groups were statistically compared with Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon test; when significant, pairwise comparisons were made using Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction.Results: On the operator’s plane (E), AD (p=0.038), CS (p=0.001) and L (p=0.007) groups, the highest contamination was observed in the operator's chest and right arm, with statistical significance. GrupAD was found to be statistically significantly more successful than GrupS in preventing contamination on the operator (p=0.015). The E6 coded paper placed on the right foot of the operator was dyed only once by GrupS. The E7 coded paper placed under the disposable apron worn by the operator was not dyed in any of the experimental groups. C plane at 4 o'clock and D plane at 6 o'clock were dyed the most, mostly on the 30 cm (1st) and 60 cm (2nd) papers. At least the A plane at 12 o'clock and then the F plane at 10 o'clock were dyed. Papers in the A, B and V planes were not dyed at all by GroupAD and GroupCS. The GroupAD was found to be statistically significantly more successful than GroupS (p=0.001) and GroupL (p=0.008) in preventing contamination at a distance of 30 cm in the C plane. GroupAD and GroupL were found to be statistically significantly more successful than the GroupS in preventing contamination at 30 and 60 cm distances in the D plane. The GroupCS was found to be statistically significantly more successful than the GroupS in preventing contamination at a distance of 30 cm in the F plane (p=0.013).Conclusion: Contamination increases as the distance to the aerosol source decreases. GrupAD is the device that contaminates the least number of planes. Group AD created statistically significantly less contamination than Group S on all planes and papers (p=0.001). When devices connected to a high-volume aspirator could not be used, the use of a high-volume aspirator with a dentist's assistant in addition to suction was found to be effective in reducing contamination. The effect of suction in reducing the droplet formed is less than other devices used. The patient plane is one of the most challenging areas for contamination prevention for all devices. The doctor's apron is sufficient to prevent the contamination of the clothes inside.

View details