Farklı Ön Bitki ve Ekim Zamanı Uygulamalarının Silajlık Mısırın (Zea mays L.) Verim ve Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2015
Yazarlar: Yaşar Tuncer KAVUT, Hakan GEREN
Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, Uluslararası, 2015, cilt 2
Özet
Ozet Izmir’de 2013 ve 2014 yillarinin ana urun periyodunda surdurulen bu calismada, kislik ara urun baklagil yem bitkilerinden sonra yetistirilen misir bitkisinin silaj verimi ve kalitesi uzerine farkli ekim zamanlarinin etkisi uzerinde durulmustur. Sansa bagli tam bloklar deneme deseninde bolunmus parseller duzenlemesine gore planlanan denemede, ana parsellere ekim tarihleri (erken ilkbahar, ilkbahar ortasi ve gec ilkbahar) alt parsellere ise 5 kislik ara urun olarak yetistirilen on bitkiler (Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Lathyrus sativus, Trifolium resupinatum ve Pisum arvense) yerlestirilmistir. Mukayese amacli olarak, 0, 10 ve 20 kg N da-1 uygulamalari on bitkisiz olarak kurulmus ve sifir dozu da kontrol olarak ele alinmistir. Iki yillik ortalama sonuclar, on bitki ve ekim zamanlarinin misirin bitki boyu, hasil verimi, kuru madde ve ham protein oranini etkiledigini gostermistir. En yuksek hasil verimleri Nisan sonu ekimlerinden (8460 kg/da) ve on bitkisiz N20 (9537 kg/da) ile on bitkisi Vicia villosa (9244 kg/da) ve Vicia sativa (9114 kg/da) olan misir parsellerinden elde edilmistir. Bu on bitkiler, N0 veN10 uygulamalarina gore verimleri sirasiyla, %172, %169 ve %9, %7 oraninda yukseltmislerdir. Silajlik misir yetistiriciliginde ozellikle tuylu veya adi fig gibi baklagiller on bitki olarak yetistirilerek, misirin verimini dusurmeden kimyasal gubre kullanimi sinirlanabilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: ekim zamani, on bitki, silaj verimi, Zea mays. Abstract This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of different sowing dates on the silage yield and quality of corn grown after forage legumes as winter second crop in the course of main crop growing season in Izmir during 2013 and 2014. The experiment laid out in a split-plot design in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications, main plots were sowing dates (early spring, mid spring and late spring) and sub plots were previous crops (Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Lathyrus sativus, Trifolium resupinatum and Pisum arvense). The treatments with 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 application were aimed for comparison, zero dose being control. Two years average results showed that, previous crop and sowing dates significantly affected plant height, green herbage yield, dry matter and crude protein content of corn. The highest green silage yields were obtained from late spring sowing date (84600 kg/ha) and traditional-N20 treatment (95370 kg/ha) and maize plots with previous crop of Vicia villosa (92440 kg/ha) and Vicia sativa (91140 kg/ha). Both previous crops increased the silage yield in the plots with N0 and N10 treatments by 172%, 169% and 9%, 7%, respectively. Inorganic fertilizer use can be limited by growing previous legume crops such as Vicia villosa and Vicia sativa, without losing any yield performance of maize in silage crop production. Key words: sowing date, previous crop, silage yield, Zea mays.