CHAPTER 10 THE REPLACEMENT OF WHEAT FLOUR CONTAINING GLUTEN BY DUCKWEED (Lemna minor) FLOUR IN BAKERY PRODUCTS AGAINST CELIAC DISEASE
Kitapta bölümler > Mesleki Kitap · 2023
Yazarlar: Hatice TEKOĞUL, Berna KILINÇ, iREM KILINÇ, F NİHAN BULAT
ADVANCEMENTS-IN-AQUACULTURE-SUSTAINABLE-PRACTICES-INNOVATIONS-AND-APPLICATIONS, Mesleki Kitap, IKSAD PUBLICATIONS, Diğer, Uluslararası, 2023, ss 211-224, Türkiye, Ankara
Özet
<p>Microalgal aquatic organisms (Tetrasselmis, Arthrospira (Spirulina), Dunalliela, Chlorella, etc.), and duckweed (Lemna spp., and Wolffia spp. etc.) are a good source for producing protein-rich biomass and many other highvalue compounds (vitamins, fatty acids, pigments etc.) due to very necessary for human health (Markou et al., 2018). Duckweed are free-floating, too small, aquatic green plants that are usually found in slow-moving bodies of water. Members of the Lemnaceae family not only contain the world's smallest angiosperms, but also, they are commonly recognized as duckweed. This family consists of five aquatic genera (i.e. Lemna, Spirodela, Landoltia, Wolffiella, Wolffia,) and 38 member species (Ali et al., 2016). Edible duckweed that is the smallest plant in the world and includes polyphenols, dietary fiber, vitamin B12, essential amino acids, iron, and zinc (Kaplan et al., 2019). Duckweed species are nutritionally very important plants that grow wildly in different areas. Therefore, understanding the metabolite content in Lemna minor is essential for designing a future food product because of a good potential of α-linolenic acid, glutamic acid, 5-Hydroxyl-L-tryptophan, Tocopheryl acetate, and Naringenin (Tekoğul, 2021; Yahaya et al., 2022). In addition to this, it is a potentially ideal succinic acid (SA) raw material because of its low lignin content and high starch content (Shen et al., 2016). Various usages and advantages of duckweed have been found as follows. Potential usage of L. minor as an ingredient in fish meal showed that the findings reduced the usage of fish oil and fish meal in tilapia feeds, whereas increased the values of EPA, DHA, omega-3 LC-PUFA, which were the content of farmed tilapia feeds (Opiyo et al., 2022). The total carotenoid amount of duckweed was found to be 10 times higher than land plants (Skillocorn et al., 1993). The level of crude protein ranged from 26.3% to 45.5% of the dry mass of the duckweed species, whereas the amino acid content of the plant compared favorably with that of soybean, and cottonseed meals and also significantly exceeded that of the peanut meal. The levels of essential amino acids except for methionine, which met 61.4% of the recommended value. Additionally, mineral levels were high, but should not pose any toxicity issues if included in animal feeds (Mbagwu and Adeniji, 1988). The use of agro-industrial wastes in microalgae and duckweed cultivation as well as contamination risks and biomass safety ADVANCEMENTS IN AQUACULTURE: SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES, INNOVATIONS, AND APPLICATIONS| 214 concerns have also been studied. L. minor is one of the strongest candidate species for Phytoremediation technology in technologies to be established in natural environments (Ustaoğlu et al., 2015; Markou et al., 2018; Tekoğul. 2023). The results of another study revealed that duckweed could be applied as a potential plant medicine to treat industrial wastewater (Farid et al., 2022). </p>