Environmental Sustainability in EU and BRICS Economies: Long-Run, Heterogeneous, and Causal Dynamics

Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2026

Yazarlar: Mahir Tosunoğlu, Gül Şerife HUYUGÜZEL KIŞLA

International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, ESCI İndekslerine Giren Dergi, Uluslararası, Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), 2026, cilt 16, ss 1288-1331

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21002585

Özet

<p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);">Environmental&nbsp;sustainability&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;fundamental&nbsp;prerequisite&nbsp;for&nbsp;achieving&nbsp;long-term&nbsp;economic&nbsp;growth&nbsp;and&nbsp;sustainable&nbsp;development.&nbsp;This&nbsp;study&nbsp;comparatively&nbsp;examines&nbsp;the&nbsp;determinants&nbsp;of&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;degradation&nbsp;in&nbsp;EU&nbsp;and&nbsp;BRICS&nbsp;economies&nbsp;over&nbsp;the&nbsp;period&nbsp;1995-2021.&nbsp;Specifically,&nbsp;it&nbsp;analyzes&nbsp;the&nbsp;effects&nbsp;of&nbsp;fossil&nbsp;energy&nbsp;consumption,&nbsp;renewable&nbsp;energy&nbsp;consumption,&nbsp;economic&nbsp;growth,&nbsp;industrialization,&nbsp;and&nbsp;natural&nbsp;resource&nbsp;rents&nbsp;on&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;degradation.&nbsp;To&nbsp;provide&nbsp;a&nbsp;comprehensive&nbsp;empirical&nbsp;framework,&nbsp;the&nbsp;PMG-DFE&nbsp;ARDL&nbsp;approach&nbsp;is&nbsp;employed&nbsp;to&nbsp;capture&nbsp;short-&nbsp;and&nbsp;long-run&nbsp;dynamics,&nbsp;while&nbsp;the&nbsp;CS-ARDL&nbsp;approach&nbsp;is&nbsp;used&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;robustness&nbsp;check&nbsp;against&nbsp;potential&nbsp;cross-sectional&nbsp;dependence.&nbsp;In&nbsp;addition,&nbsp;simultaneous&nbsp;quantile&nbsp;regression&nbsp;is&nbsp;applied&nbsp;to&nbsp;examine&nbsp;heterogeneous&nbsp;effects&nbsp;across&nbsp;different&nbsp;emission&nbsp;levels,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;Emirmahmutoğlu&nbsp;and&nbsp;Köse&nbsp;(2011)&nbsp;panel&nbsp;causality&nbsp;test&nbsp;is&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;identify&nbsp;directional&nbsp;causal&nbsp;relationships&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;variables.&nbsp;The&nbsp;findings&nbsp;reveal&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;determinants&nbsp;of&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;degradation&nbsp;differ&nbsp;between&nbsp;EU&nbsp;and&nbsp;BRICS&nbsp;economies.&nbsp;The&nbsp;long-run&nbsp;results&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;that&nbsp;fossil&nbsp;energy&nbsp;consumption,&nbsp;industrialization,&nbsp;and&nbsp;natural&nbsp;resource&nbsp;rents&nbsp;increase&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;degradation&nbsp;in&nbsp;both&nbsp;groups,&nbsp;whereas&nbsp;economic&nbsp;growth&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;mitigating&nbsp;effect.&nbsp;Renewable&nbsp;energy&nbsp;reduces&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;degradation&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;EU&nbsp;but&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;exert&nbsp;a&nbsp;significant&nbsp;mitigating&nbsp;effect&nbsp;in&nbsp;BRICS&nbsp;economies.&nbsp;The&nbsp;error-correction&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;show&nbsp;that&nbsp;adjustment&nbsp;toward&nbsp;the&nbsp;long-run&nbsp;equilibrium&nbsp;occurs&nbsp;faster&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;EU&nbsp;than&nbsp;in&nbsp;BRICS.&nbsp;The&nbsp;quantile&nbsp;regression&nbsp;results&nbsp;further&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;that&nbsp;fossil&nbsp;energy&nbsp;remains&nbsp;the&nbsp;primary&nbsp;driver&nbsp;of&nbsp;emissions&nbsp;in&nbsp;both&nbsp;groups,&nbsp;although&nbsp;its&nbsp;effects&nbsp;vary&nbsp;across&nbsp;emission&nbsp;levels.&nbsp;The&nbsp;causality&nbsp;results&nbsp;reveal&nbsp;bidirectional&nbsp;causal&nbsp;linkages&nbsp;between&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;degradation&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;explanatory&nbsp;variables.&nbsp;Overall,&nbsp;the&nbsp;findings&nbsp;suggest&nbsp;that&nbsp;differentiated&nbsp;policy&nbsp;strategies&nbsp;are&nbsp;needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;enhance&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;sustainability&nbsp;in&nbsp;EU&nbsp;and&nbsp;BRICS&nbsp;economies.</span></p>

Detay görüntüle