Periodontal treatment outcomes in smokers: A narrative review
Articles > Review · 2021
Authors: Mehmet Kanmaz, Burcu Kanmaz, Nurcan Gülsüm BUDUNELİ
Tobacco Induced Diseases, Journal Indexed in SCI Expanded, International, WoS, 2021, vol 19, pp 1-8
DOI: 10.18332/tid/142106
Summary
Basic clinical periodontal parameters for periodontal diagnosis as well as evaluation of prognosis and treatment outcomes are probing depth and clinical attachment level, gingival inflammation, and level of oral hygiene.Endpoints of active periodontal treatment have been recently revisited during the World Workshop for Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases 1 .It was found that periodontitis patients with a low proportion of deep residual pockets after active periodontal therapy are more likely to be stable in long follow-up periods.Treatment plan of a single periodontal disease case ABSTRACTSmoking is considered as the major environmental risk factor for periodontal diseases.Smokers have a higher risk for severe periodontitis with more periodontal tissue destruction, more gingival recession, and more susceptibility for tooth loss.The aim of this narrative review is to provide up-to-date evidence on the clinical outcomes of periodontal treatment in smokers.Electronic databases were searched for studies that compare the clinical outcomes in smokers and nonsmokers following non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment modalities and also during the supportive periodontal treatment.Clinical studies published before May 2021 were included in the review.Smokers have a higher risk for recurrence of periodontal disease and the response to non-surgical as well as surgical periodontal treatment is not as good as that of non-smokers.Moreover, there is a dose-response effect in the adverse effects of smoking on periodontal health.Compared to non-smokers, smoker patients with periodontitis tend to respond less favorably to non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment, and exhibit recurrence more frequently during supportive periodontal treatment.Along with the periodontal treatment, smokers may be encouraged to quit.Long follow-up and the communication between the dentist and the patient give a great opportunity for such counseling.