The Effects Of Fossil Energy, Industrialization, And Environmental Policies On No X And So 2 Emissions In Eu Countries

Bildiriler > Tam Metin Bildiri · 2026

Yazarlar: Mahir Tosunoğlu, Gül Şerife HUYUGÜZEL KIŞLA

14.th INTERNATIONAL GÖBEKLİTEPE SCIENTIFIC STUDIES CONGRESS, Türkiye, Şanlıurfa, Uluslararası, Sözlü Sunum, Tam Metin Bildiri, 2026-2026, ss 250-257

Özet

<p>Nitrogen&nbsp;Oxides&nbsp;(NOx)&nbsp;and&nbsp;Sulfur&nbsp;Dioxide&nbsp;(SO2)&nbsp;are&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;major&nbsp;atmospheric&nbsp;pollutants&nbsp;that&nbsp;adversely&nbsp;affect&nbsp;air&nbsp;quality,&nbsp;human&nbsp;health,&nbsp;and&nbsp;ecosystem&nbsp;balance.&nbsp;They&nbsp;are&nbsp;central&nbsp;to&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;policy&nbsp;due&nbsp;to&nbsp;their&nbsp;links&nbsp;with&nbsp;respiratory&nbsp;diseases,&nbsp;premature&nbsp;deaths,&nbsp;acid&nbsp;rain,&nbsp;particulate&nbsp;matter&nbsp;formation,&nbsp;and&nbsp;indirect&nbsp;climate&nbsp;impacts.&nbsp;Reducing&nbsp;NOx&nbsp;and&nbsp;SO2&nbsp;emissions&nbsp;is&nbsp;therefore&nbsp;of&nbsp;strategic&nbsp;importance&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;European&nbsp;Union&nbsp;(EU),&nbsp;which&nbsp;prioritizes&nbsp;emission&nbsp;reductions&nbsp;from&nbsp;industry,&nbsp;energy,&nbsp;and&nbsp;transport&nbsp;sectors&nbsp;through&nbsp;strict&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;legislation,&nbsp;carbon-neutral&nbsp;targets,&nbsp;and&nbsp;sustainable&nbsp;development&nbsp;strategies.&nbsp;Accordingly,&nbsp;identifying&nbsp;the&nbsp;determinants&nbsp;of&nbsp;these&nbsp;emissions&nbsp;is&nbsp;critical&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;success&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;European&nbsp;Green&nbsp;Deal&nbsp;and&nbsp;clean&nbsp;air&nbsp;objectives.&nbsp;This&nbsp;study&nbsp;examines&nbsp;the&nbsp;effects&nbsp;of&nbsp;fossil&nbsp;energy&nbsp;use,&nbsp;passenger&nbsp;cars,&nbsp;industrialization,&nbsp;and&nbsp;stringent&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;policies&nbsp;on&nbsp;NOx&nbsp;and&nbsp;SO2&nbsp;emissions&nbsp;in&nbsp;EU&nbsp;countries.&nbsp;Using&nbsp;the&nbsp;Prais-Winsten&nbsp;method,&nbsp;short-run&nbsp;effects&nbsp;were&nbsp;estimated&nbsp;for&nbsp;19&nbsp;EU&nbsp;countries&nbsp;over&nbsp;the&nbsp;period&nbsp;2006-2020.&nbsp;The&nbsp;findings&nbsp;show&nbsp;that&nbsp;fossil&nbsp;energy&nbsp;use,&nbsp;industrialization,&nbsp;and&nbsp;stringent&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;policies&nbsp;increase&nbsp;NOx&nbsp;and&nbsp;SO2&nbsp;emissions,&nbsp;whereas&nbsp;passenger&nbsp;cars&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;both&nbsp;pollutants.&nbsp;The&nbsp;results&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;that&nbsp;air&nbsp;pollution&nbsp;in&nbsp;EU&nbsp;countries&nbsp;is&nbsp;strongly&nbsp;associated&nbsp;with&nbsp;economic&nbsp;structure&nbsp;and&nbsp;energy&nbsp;preferences.&nbsp;The&nbsp;positive&nbsp;effects&nbsp;of&nbsp;fossil&nbsp;energy&nbsp;consumption&nbsp;and&nbsp;industrialization&nbsp;suggest&nbsp;that&nbsp;production&nbsp;processes&nbsp;remain&nbsp;highly&nbsp;carbon-&nbsp;and&nbsp;pollution-intensive.&nbsp;By&nbsp;contrast,&nbsp;the&nbsp;emission-reducing&nbsp;role&nbsp;of&nbsp;passenger&nbsp;cars&nbsp;reflects&nbsp;the&nbsp;successful&nbsp;transformation&nbsp;of&nbsp;vehicle&nbsp;technologies&nbsp;in&nbsp;Europe,&nbsp;supported&nbsp;by&nbsp;cleaner&nbsp;exhaust&nbsp;systems,&nbsp;the&nbsp;spread&nbsp;of&nbsp;electric&nbsp;and&nbsp;low-emission&nbsp;vehicles,&nbsp;and&nbsp;strict&nbsp;emission&nbsp;standards.&nbsp;Meanwhile,&nbsp;the&nbsp;positive&nbsp;effect&nbsp;of&nbsp;stringent&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;policies&nbsp;may&nbsp;stem&nbsp;from&nbsp;short-run&nbsp;adjustment&nbsp;costs&nbsp;related&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;restructuring&nbsp;of&nbsp;economic&nbsp;activities&nbsp;and&nbsp;temporary&nbsp;increases&nbsp;in&nbsp;output&nbsp;within&nbsp;pollution-intensive&nbsp;sectors.&nbsp;Overall,&nbsp;the&nbsp;findings&nbsp;imply&nbsp;that&nbsp;achieving&nbsp;the&nbsp;EU’s&nbsp;sustainable&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;goals&nbsp;requires&nbsp;stronger&nbsp;support&nbsp;for&nbsp;clean&nbsp;production&nbsp;and&nbsp;lowemission&nbsp;transport,&nbsp;alongside&nbsp;gradually&nbsp;designed&nbsp;and&nbsp;effectively&nbsp;implemented&nbsp;environmental&nbsp;policies.</p>

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