Valorization of Winery By-Products: Comprehensive Profiling of Bioactive Compounds in Peels of Three Azerbaijani Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2025
Yazarlar: Umide Majnunlu, Vugar Mikayilov, Vugar Salimov, Güven ÖZDEMİR
International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Uluslararası, Scopus, 2025, cilt 20
Özet
The aim of this study is to scientifically evaluate the bioactive composition of peel samples of Bala Mursal, Azerbaijan Guloyshe, and Nazik Gabig pomegranate varieties generated during processing, with particular emphasis on vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, in order to assess their potential use as promising raw materials for functional food additives and high-value biotechnological products.This investigation is conducted to obtain bioactive compounds from the peels of the Bala Mursal (Aghsu), Azerbaijan Guloyshe (Aghsu), and Nazik Gabig (Goychay) pomegranate varieties obtained during processing from winemaking factories located in the Aghsu and Goychay districts of the Nagorno Shirvan economic region, and to study their health benefits for the purpose of food supplement applications.Peel samples were collected in October from processing facilities in the Aghsu and Goychay districts at full commercial maturity to minimize seasonal variability.Pomegranate peels contain many bioactive compounds such as vitamins, fatty acids, and mineral elements.The antioxidant properties of these compounds further contribute to their functions, such as protection against oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including anti-cancer, antibacterial, and cardiovascular protection.For this purpose, the chemical and nutritional composition of the research samples was analyzed using modern equipment in accordance with the appropriate methodology.All compositional analyses were conducted on a dry-weight basis.When determining the fatty acid profile, minerals, proximate composition, and vitamins, it was revealed that the moisture level varied in the range of 7% (Nazik Gabig) -9% (Azerbaijan Guloyshe).The crude fiber amount varied from 18.89% in Bala Mursal 18.93% in Azerbaijan Guloyshe.The crude ash content ranged from 3.74% in Azerbaijan Guloyshe to 3.77% in Nazik Gabıg, while the crude protein content varied from 2.96% in Nazik Gabıg to 2.99% in Bala Mursal.The crude fat content ranged from 1.34% in Bala Mursal to 1.38% in Azerbaijan Guloyshe.The vitamin A content showed a wider variation, ranging from 0.176 mg/100 g in Bala Mursal to 13.26 mg/100 g in Azerbaijan Guloyshe.The results on mineral content were wider, with iron in Bala Mursal being 5 mg/100 g and potassium in Azerbaijan Guloyshe being 338 mg/100 g. 19 fatty acids were found in pomegranate peels, with the highest fatty acid amount being oleic acid, which was found in Azerbaijan Guloyshe -20.98883%.The least fatty acids were pentadecanoic, myristic, palmitoleic, arachidic, gamma-linolenic, behenic, docosadienoic, lignoceric, eicosapentaenoic, nervonic, and docosahexaenoic, varying in the range of 0.31912-2.98725%.