A multidimensional review of autism spectrum disorder in Türkiye and the world
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2026
Yazarlar: Burak Çakar, Cansu Çadırcı, Kubilay Doğan KILIÇ
Advanced Neurology, Uluslararası, Scopus, 2026, cilt 0, ss 025250073-025250073
DOI: 10.36922/an025250073
Özet
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and atypical sensory processing, significantly affecting the quality of life of individuals, families, and society. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, involving interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that influence brain development, synaptic function, and neural connectivity. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive and multidimensional overview of ASD by synthesizing current evidence on neuropathology, neuroimaging findings, molecular and cellular mechanisms, and major genetic and environmental risk factors. In addition, global and national epidemiological data were summarized, followed by an overview of current diagnostic criteria, screening strategies, and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral, educational, and psychosocial approaches. Emerging research on novel therapeutic targets was also discussed. This review was conducted as a narrative review based on a literature search of major academic databases, international health reports, and current clinical guidelines. Relevant studies were selected to provide a comprehensive and integrative perspective on ASD. Finally, this review highlights the relevance of ASD in midwifery practice, emphasizing the role of midwives in prenatal risk assessment, perinatal care, early recognition, family support, and interdisciplinary collaboration. By integrating biological, clinical, and professional perspectives, this article aims to inform healthcare professionals and contribute to a more holistic, family-centered approach to ASD.