Cephalaria dumanii Hamzaoglu & Gokturk 2025, sp. nov.
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2025
Yazarlar: Göktürk, Ramazan Süleyman, Hamzaoğlu, Ergin, Hasan YILDIRIM, Kaya, Ergun, Galatali, Selin, Çiçek, Sedat, Özdöl, Tuğkan, Özdemir, Rifat
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Uluslararası, 2025
Özet
Cephalaria dumanii Hamzaoğlu & Göktürk, sp. nov. (Figs. 3–4, Table 2) Diagnosis: — Cephalaria dumanii is related to C. paphlagonica. It differs from C. paphlagonica, mainly by leaves herbaceous (not coriaceous); lower leaves distinctly crowded (not crowded), 2–4 × 0.2–1 cm (not 2–16 × 0.5–2 cm), obtuse (not acute); cauline leaves with 1–3 segments (not with 2–8 segments); involucral bracts 3–5 mm wide (not 2–3 mm wide); involucel 2–4 mm long (not 5–7 mm long) (Table 2). TYPE:— TÜRKİYE. Ankara: Keçiören, north of Sarıbeyler village, marly-gypsum steppes, 40°08’14.0’’N, 32°46’11.0’’E, 1200 m a.s.l., 6 August 2024, E.Hamzaoğlu 8207 (holotype AKDU!, isotypes GAZI!, EGE!, ANK!, HUB!). Description: —Slender, erect, rhizomatous perennial herbs. Stem simple or branched from base, up to 50 cm, glabrous. Leaves herbaceous, simple and pinnatisect, with entire margin, completely sparsely setose or glabrous, setose at margin; lower leaves simple or pinnatisect, simple leaves distinctly crowded, lanceolate to spathulate, petiolate, 2–4 × 0.2–1 cm, obtuse; pinnatisect leaves lanceolate in outline, 3–6 × 0.5–2 cm, with 2–6 segments, lateral segments linear, 2–6 mm long, terminal segment distinctly larger than laterals, narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–4 × 0.2–0.5 cm, acute; cauline leaves pinnatisect, lanceolate in outline, 1.4–4 × 0.3–1 cm, with 1–3 segments, lateral segments linear, 1–2 mm long, terminal segment distinctly larger than laterals, narrowly lanceolate 1–3 × 0.1–0.4 cm, acute; upper leaves simple, linear, sessile, 1–3 × 0.1–0.2 cm. Capitula subglobose, 1–2.5 cm in diameter in flower, 1–2 cm in diameter in fruit. All bracts straw-colored, rarely purple-brownish at apex, margin ciliate; involucral bracts broadly ovate to suborbicular 3–7 × 3–5 mm, pubescent and sparsely pilose, obtuse at apex; receptacular bracts ovate-oblong, 5–9 × 2–3 mm, pubescent and sparsely pilose, acute at apex. Calyx cupuliform, 1–2 mm in diameter, with irregular dentate. Corolla 8–15 mm long, pale yellow or cream, adpressed pilose outside. Involucel 2–4 mm long in fruit, 4-angled, pilose, with 8 minute teeth at apex. Distribution, habitat and ecology: — Cephalaria dumanii is endemic to Central Anatolia, Ankara Province in Türkiye (Fig. 4). It is distributed in marly-gypsum stony slopes and scrub ranging between 1200–1250 m a.s.l. It is associated with other endemic plants such as Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor. (208 (1974: 208), Campanula damboldtiana P.H.Davis & Sorger (1979:265), and non-endemic plants such as Bromus tomentellus Boiss. (1846: 126), Euphorbia herniariifolia Willd. (1799: 902) var. herniariifolia, Fumana aciphylla Boiss. (1867: 449), Galium incanum Sm. (1806: 91) subsp. elatius (Boiss.) Ehrend.(1951: 454), Globularia orientalis L. (1753: 97), Helianthemum canum (L.) Hornem. (1815: 496), Juniperus oxycedrus L. (1753: 1038) subsp. oxycedrus, Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. 345 (1824: 345), Pseudopodospermum szowitzii (DC.) Kuth. (1978: 92), Scutellaria orientalis L. (1753: 598) subsp. pinnatifida J.R.Edm. (1980: 54), Thymus sipyleus Boiss. (1844: 16). Phenology:—Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. Proposed conservation status: — Cephalaria dumanii is known only from five adjacent localities with small subpopulations between Orhaniye and Sarıbeyler Villages (Kazan and Keçiören District, Ankara Province). It is suggested that this new species should be placed under the IUCN threat category “Critically Endangered (CR)” (IUCN 2024), because the estimated area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 20 km 2, extent of occurence (EOO) is 12 km 2, and only known five location, the population size of the new species is estimated to be less than 50 mature individuals in each subpopulation [CR B2ab(ii, iii, v)+C2a(i)]. The population size of the new species may decrease in the near future due to building new settlements (hobby gardens) and intense grazing pressure. Etymology: —The new species is named in honor of Prof. Dr. Hayri Duman (Gazi University, Ankara), one of the collectors of the new species. Proposed Turkish name for the new species: —Duman pelemiri Paratypes:— TÜRKİYE. Ankara: Kazan, north of Orhaniye village, stony steppe, 1200–1250 m a.s.l., 24 July 1993, H.Duman 5227 (AKDU!—1 sheet); ibid., 1150–1200 m a.s.l., Orhan 1207 (GAZI!—1 sheet); ibid., Memlik road, 1160 m a.s.l., 9 September 1993, N.Adıgüzel 1391 (GAZI!—1 sheet); ibid., 27 July 1995, R.S.Göktürk 3447 (AKDU!—2 sheets); Keçiören, north of Sarıbeyler village, marly-gypsum steppes, 40°08’14.0’’N, 32°46’11.0’’E, 1200 m a.s.l., 24 August 2024, E.Hamzaoğlu 8209 (AKDU!—4 sheets, GAZI!—10 sheets). Taxonomic notes:— In Türkiye, the genus Cephalaria is represented by 47 species (Göktürk et al. 2014, Semiz et al. 2024, Duran & Dündar 2025). With the addition of C. cameliensis and C. dumanii, the total number of species reached 49. Morphological comparisons of the two new species and related species are given in Table 1 and 2. As a result of visualizing the PCR products performed with the six selected primers on agarose gel, a total of 93 band profiles with sizes ranging from 250 bp to 3100 bp were obtained (Fig. 5). In the dendrogram constructed with UPGMA (Fig. 6), by creating similarity/distance matrices as a result of 1/0 scoring based on the monomorphic and polymorphic features of these displayed band profiles according to individuals of C. cameliensis, C. dirmilensis, C. saldaensis, and C. lycica, it was observed that there was a distinction at the species level between these individuals. Similarly, for C. dumanii, C. paphlagonica, and C. kutahyaensis, four selected primers produced 53 polymorphic band profiles ranging from 110 bp to 2800 bp (Fig. 7). The UPGMA dendrogram constructed for this group (Fig. 8) revealed that C. dumanii was distinctly separated at the species level from the other two taxa. Morphological and anatomical evaluations further supported the molecular findings, indicating that the studied taxa belong to two distinct groups within the genus Cephalaria. C. cameliensis, C. dirmilensis, C. saldaensis, and C. lycica share common morphological characteristics and habitat, differentiating them collectively from the other group. On the other hand, C. dumanii, C. paphlagonica, and C. kutahyaensis exhibit a distinct combination of features, particularly in terms of morphological characteristics, that justify their placement in a separate identification key. Thus, molecular and classical taxonomic data consistently demonstrate that these groups represent separate lineages within the genus (Yılmaz et al. 2015, Yang et al. 2018). When the phylogenetic dendrogram and distance matrix were analyzed, it was clearly seen that individuals belonging to each taxon clustered within themselves and separated from individuals belonging to other taxa. It is also observed that the highest differences between the taxa are between C. dirmilensis and C. saldaensis and C. cameliensis, respectively, with distance indices of 0.409 to 0.676 and 0.321 to 0.656 (Fig. 6, Table 3). This distance index, which is determined to be close to 1, supports that individuals belonging to these four populations of Cephalaria taxa, which we consider to be morphologically different species, can be separated from each other at the species level. When the phylogenetic dendrogram and genetic distance matrix of the second group were analyzed, it was clearly observed that individuals belonging to each taxon (C. dumanii, C. paphlagonica, and C. kutahyaensis clustered within themselves and formed distinct groups from one another (Fig. 8, Table 4). The lowest intra-taxon distance was observed between C. paphlagonica individuals, with values ranging from 0.054 to 0.303, indicating high genetic similarity within the species. In contrast, C. dumanii individuals showed greater variation among themselves (0.120 to 0.340), but still formed a consistent cluster distinct from other taxa. The highest interspecific genetic distance was recorded between C. dumanii and C. kutahyaensis (0.589 to 0.629), followed by the distances between C. dumanii and C. paphlagonica (ranging from 0.471 to 0.583). These relatively high values, approaching 0.6, suggest a clear molecular distinction of C. dumanii from C. paphlagonica and C. kutahyaensis, supporting its separation at the species level. The single sample of C. kutahyaensis also clustered independently, reinforcing its distinctiveness despite limited sampling.