Periapical Radiographs in Determining Peri-Implant Bone Defect Size and Type: A Prospective Clinical Study
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2026
Yazarlar: Asena Türedi Alptekin, Betül KARACA, Ali GÜRKAN
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF DENTAL SCIENCES, Uluslararası, 2026, cilt 47, ss 89-99
Özet
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated accuracy of periapical radiographs (PAs) in measuring peri-implant bone defects and identifying defect types in peri-implantitis patients.Additionally, it assessed the consistency of probing depth measurements using plastic and metal periodontal probes.MATERIAL and METHODS: A prospective clinical study included 28 patients (51 implants, 96 defects) diagnosed with peri-implantitis.Radiographic defect dimensions were measured on PAs using standardized techniques and compared with intraoperative findings.Defect types were classified based on radiographic and surgical observations.Probing depth measurements were performed using metal Williams and plastic UNC-12 probes.Statistical analyses included dependent t-tests, Bland-Altman plots, and Kappa coefficients.RESULTS: PA radiographs underestimated defect dimensions compared to intraoperative measurements, with mean differences of 0.34 mm (depth) and 0.32 mm (width) (p < 0.001).Repeatability of radiographic measurements was excellent (ICC = 0.997).Moderate agreement (κ = 0.47) was observed between radiographic and intraoperative classifications, with highest concordance for type 1c and 1d defects.Substantial agreement (κ = 0.71) was found between metal and plastic probe measurements.CONCLUSION: Standardized PAs provide acceptable accuracy for assessing peri-implant defects, despite slight underestimation.Moderate agreement in defect classification supports their clinical utility.Both probes demonstrated substantial consistency, reinforcing their validity in peri-implantitis diagnostics.