Structural and Physicochemical Impact of Hydroxyapatite Incorporation in Collagen Hydrolysate/Keratin Biocomposite Films Derived From Leather Industry Waste
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2026
Yazarlar: Levent İnanç, Buğra OCAK
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE, SCI Expanded İndekslerine Giren Dergi, Uluslararası, Wos, 2026, cilt 1, ss 1-18
DOI: 10.1155/ijps/6685915
Özet
The rapid growth of the global population has increased the consumption of animal‐derived products, generating substantial solid waste such as raw trimming waste from leather processing and intensifying environmental concerns. Consequently, the development of sustainable packaging materials has become increasingly important, promoting biodegradable biopolymers as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional synthetic plastics. In this study, collagen hydrolysate (CH) and keratin (K) were extracted from tannery raw trimming waste and utilized to produce biodegradable composite films. SDS‐PAGE analysis confirmed that CH corresponded to Type I collagen, whereas K exhibited molecular weights between 32 and 56 kDa, characteristic of K polypeptides. Initially, nine different CH/K ratios were evaluated, and the CH30/K70 formulation demonstrated the most favorable water barrier performance. Increasing the K content up to 70% increased film thickness and significantly reduced moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability ( p < 0.05), whereas higher ratios resulted in deterioration of these properties. In the second stage, nanohydroxyapatite (HA; 0.5%–2 wt%) was incorporated into CH30/K70 films via solvent casting. HA addition significantly improved mechanical strength and barrier properties while enhancing thermal stability. Overall, waste‐derived biopolymers demonstrate considerable potential for sustainable packaging applications.