Sonographic guide for botulinum toxin injections of the upper limb: EUROMUSCULUS/USPRM spasticity approach
Articles > Article · 2018
Authors: Murat Kara, Bayram Kaymak, Alper M. Ulaşli, Fatih Tok, Gökhan T. Öztürk, Ke-Vin Chang, Ming-Yen Hsi̇ao, Chen-Yu Hung, Arzu YAĞIZ ON, Levent Özçakar
European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, International, WoS, 2018, vol 54, pp 469-485
DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.17.04664-0
Summary
The pertinent literature lacks overt technical data for optimal upper limb muscle botulinum toxin injections using ultrasound (US) imaging. Therefore, this guide is prepared for the commonly injected muscles of the upper limb and the shoulder girdle mainly in spasticity. It includes clinical information, anatomical description and explanation regarding the US imaging of several muscles. The figures have been organized to orient the readers on the innervation, injection sites, probe positioning and the US images simultaneously.