Eumeces schneiderii subsp. barani Kumlutaş & Arikan & Ilgaz & Kaska 2007
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2007
Yazarlar: Kumlutaş, Yusuf, Arikan, Hüseyin, Ilgaz, Çetin, Kaska, Yakup
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Uluslararası, 2007
Özet
Eumeces schneiderii barani. Holotype: ZDEU 163/2002. 1♀, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey, 25.05.2002, leg. Y. Kumlutaş, Y. Kaska, Ç. Ilgaz. Paratypes: ZDEU 164/2002. 1 2♂, 3♀, 4 5juv., Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey, 18.05.2002, leg. Y. Kumlutaş, Y. Kaska, Ç. Ilgaz; ZDEU 164/2002. 1subad.♂, Bozdaǧ, Ödemiş, İzmir, Turkey, 28.05.2002, leg. Y. Kumlutaş, Ç. Ilgaz; ZDEU 125/2003. 1 2♂, 3♀, Bozdaǧ, Ödemiş, İzmir, Turkey, 24.05.2004, leg. Y. Kumlutaş, Ç. Ilgaz. Material compared E. s. princeps ZDEU 91/1999. 1♂, 2♀, Karapınar, Konya, 07.06.1999, leg. Ö. Özender; ZDEU 92/1999. 1 2♂, 3♀, Karapınar, Konya, 06.06.1999, leg. Ö. Özender. E. s. pavimentatus. ZDEU 104/2000. 1♂, Kuyuluk, Mersin, 23.05.2000, leg. H. A. Uçar; ZDEU 126/ 2003. 1♂, Botaş, Ceyhan, Adana, 02.05.2003, leg. A. Avcı, F. Kiremit; ZDEU 127/2003. 1♂, Karaisalı, Mersin, 13.05.2003, leg. L. Seyhan; ZDEU 31/2004. 1♂, Mersin, 10.05.2004, leg. H. A. Uçar; ZDEU 263/ 2005. 1subad.♀, Mersin, 20.05.2005, leg. H. A. Uçar. The colour and colourpattern characteristics were recorded while the specimens were still alive; colour slides were taken of the living the animals and evaluated in this study. The living animals were then transported to the laboratory. Only sexually mature specimens were only used for electrophoretic analysis. Blood samples for electrophoretic analysis were obtained from the postorbital sinuses via heparinized hematocrit capillary tubes according to method described by MacLean et al. (1973). Blood samples were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 600 g. and stored in equal amounts (4 µl per sample) for each separation until analysis. Blood–serum samples were separated according to Davis (1964) using polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, slightly modified after Özeti and Atatür (1979). Electrophoretic separations were carried out at room temperature (approx. 20– 25°C) with a Canalco Model 1200 electrophoresis apparatus. Separation gels were stained with 0.5% Amido Black (Naphthol Blue Black 10–B), later destained passively with repeated 7% acetic acid baths. Gels were qualitatively evaluated directly from the electropherograms, and densitometric curves of the separations were obtained using a Gelman ACD–15 Model 39430 densitometer at 500 nm. The gels were subsequently photographed with a digital camera. There were no variations between the sexes in the electropherograms, and therefore both sexes were pooled. After the electrophoretic process, specimens were anaesthetized with ether, fixed with a mixture of 5% formalin and 70% ethanol, and then kept in 70% ethanol according to the method described by Başoǧlu and Baran (1977). Morphometric measurements were taken using a dial calliper with an accuracy of 0.02 mm. Oneway analyses of variance (ANOVA) were applied to compare similarities and differences between the new subspecies and other two known subspecies. Morphometric indices and ratios were used to test for similarities and differences among the subspecies. Ratios were used due to uncertainties regarding age groups and because it was unknown whether growth was isometric. Data were examined for conformation to normality (KolmogorovSmirnov test) and homogeneity (Fmax). The distribution functions of the pholidosis characters of the subspecies were tested with the MannWhitney U test. Statistical significance in all tests was set at 0.05. Statistical analyses were carried out using the programs SPSS 11.0 and STATISTICA 6.0. Results and discussion Diagnosis: The specimens from Denizli and Bozdaǧ can easily be distinguished from other forms of E. schneiderii based on colour, colourpattern and number of scales along the dorsal midline. The electrophenograms of the bloodserum proteins also differed both quantitatively and qualitatively (Figures 1–4). E. s. barani n. ssp. is similar to E. s. princeps in terms of the number of scales along the dorsal midline (usually 26), but is quite different in colour and colourpattern. The main differences were thin, white, interrupted dorsal longitudinal lines in juvenile and adult female E. s. barani n. ssp. (Figure 5). White longitudinal lines are also known in both juvenile and adult E. s. pavimentatus (Figure 6), but these lines are much thicker and less pale than in E. s. barani n. spp. Moreover, E. s. pavimentatus usually has 24 scales along the dorsal midline, distinctly different from E. s. barani n. spp. Description of the holotype (female): The ground colour of the head scales is olive greenish brown without dark spots. This ground colour extends to the upper borders of supralabial plates. The ground colour of the supralabial and sublabial plates are clearer. The ground colour of the dorsum is olive greenish brown with white spots formed as longitudinal bands running from the edges of the forelimbs to the first 1/3 of the tail on the dorsum and flanks of the body. A yellow band stars from the lower border of the subocular plate under the eye and continues to behind the subocular plate. This band is dark yellow up until the hind limbs but paler thereafter and on the side of the tail. The band is interrupted at the ear openings. Two reddish spots are present on the laterals, starting from the dorsal midline and formed as continuous lines towards posterior. This band is darker up until the onset of the tail, but paler thereafter, ending after the first half of the tail. Body measurements obtained from the holotype are as follows: snout–vent length 140.12 mm; total body length (including tail) 350.12 mm; head length 24.42 mm; head width 14.96 mm; fore limb length 33.22 mm; hind limb length 47.18 mm; length of fourth toe of hind limb 13.80 mm. Upper head shields flat; supranasals (2/2) in contact with rostrum and frontonasale; supraoculars (6/6) in contact with prefrontals; supraciliar plates (5/5); supralabials (7/8); scales along the dorsal midline were 26; dorsal scales from occipit to above cloaca were 64; subdigital lamellae under the fourth toes of the hind limb (12/12). Variation: Variations in most external morphological characters are given in Table 1 and 2. Nasals (2/2); frontonasale in contact with 2 supranasals; prefrontal plates in contact each other with broad suture; supraoculars (6/6); supraciliar plates 4/ 4 in 3 paratypes, 6/ 6 in 2 paratypes, 5/ 5 in 2 paratypes, 4/ 5 in 1 paratype and 6/ 5 in 1 paratype; supralabials 8/ 8 in 7 paratypes, 7/ 8 in 1 paratype and 8/ 7 in 1 paratype; midbody scales 26–28 (mean: 26.70); subdigital lamellae 1214 (mean: 13.20). The mean snout–vent length in adult specimens was 130.26 mm (110.88–143.20) mm and the mean head length: head width ratio was 1.52 (1.38–1.77). Head length was approx. 1718% of snoutvent distance; the tail was 1.35–1.64 times snoutvent length. The colour and colourpattern features of juveniles and other females were quite similar to the holotype but different from male specimens (Figure 7). The ground colour of the dorsal surface in males was greyish brown and continues until the starting point of tail; the remainder of the tail was yellowish brown. The orange spots in the middle of dorsal surface were sparse up until the tail in males. The longitudinal pale white lines seen on the young and adult females were absent in males. The lateral orange band starts from the supraoculars and continues posteriorly, extending even onto the tail. The ventral colour was yellowish white. Comparison with other subspecies. Morphological comparison: The scales along the dorsal midline were usually 24 (rarely 22–26) in E. s. pavimentatus, one of two previously defined subspecies from Anatolia (Eiselt 1940; Mertens 1946; Başoǧlu & Baran 1977). The scales along the dorsal midline were between 23 and 25 (mean 24.00) in E. s. pavimentatus, and between 26 and 28 (mean 26.60) in E. s. barani n. ssp. collected from Denizli and Bozdaǧ (Ödemiş İzmir). Comparing pholidosis features of these two subspecies with MannWhitney U test reveals statistically significant differences in the numbers of scales around the left parietal scale (U: 5,000; Z: 3,191; p = 0.013), along the dorsal midline (U: 0,000; Z: 3,253; p = 0.001) and in the numbers of right subdigital lamella (U: 4,500; Z: 2,647; p = 0.008). The mean numbers of scales around the left parietal scale and the mean numbers of right subdigital lamella were higher in E. s. pavimentatus, whereas the mean numbers of scales around the middle body were higher in E. s. barani n. ssp. (Figure 8). ANOVA showed that the limb index in E. s. barani n. ssp. differed (lower mean values) from the other two subspecies (df:1; F: 16,816; p = 0,003 – df:1; F: 19,912; p = 0,00) (Figures 9–10). * 1. Supralabialsleft, 2. Supralabialsright, 3. Supraciliariesleft, 4. Supraciliariesright, 5. Supraocularsleft, 6. Supraocularsright, 7. Preocularsleft, 8. Preocularsright, 9. Nuchalsleft, 10. Nuchalsright, 11. Scales surrounding the parietalleft, 12. Scales surrounding the parietalright, 13. Auricularsleft, 14. Auricularsright, 15. Dorsal scales from occipit (parietalia) to above cloaca, 16. Interparietal, 17. Scales along the dorsal midline around, 18. Preanals, 19. Anals, 20. Nasalsleft, 21. Nasalsright, 22. Subdigital lamellae under the fourth toes of the hind limbsleft, 23. Subdigital lamellae under the fourth toes of the hind limbsright. * 1: Total length, 2: Snoutvent length, 3: Tail length, 4: Head length, 5: Head width, 6: Pileus width, 7: Pileus length, 8: Hind limb length, 9: Fore limb length, 10: The length of the fourth toe of the hind limb, 11: Head indices [(Head width / Head length) * 100], 12: Pileus indices [(Pileus width / Pileus length) * 100], 13: Leg indices [(Fore limb length / Hind limb length) * 100], 14: Head length / Snoutvent length, 15: Pileus length / Snoutvent length, 16: Hind limb length / Snoutvent length, 17: Snoutvent length / Tail length, 18: Tail length / Total length. There were no distinct differences between male and subadult female E. s. pavimentatus in terms of colour or colour