History of tuberculosis and tuberculosis control program in Turkey
Makaleler > Tam Makale · 2014
Yazarlar: Cengiz ÇAVUŞOĞLU
Microbiology Australia, Uluslararası, 2014, cilt 35, ss 169-173
DOI: 10.1071/ma14056
Özet
Tuberculosis (TB) is debatably the most infectious disease with highest rate of causalities throughout human history.The Ottoman Empire also had the profound effect of the disease; however, following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 effective TB control programs were implemented at times jointly with the WHO.From 1949 onwards, significant reduction in disease incidence and death rates in Turkey was recorded due to the significant efforts of the state and civil established Tuberculosis Associations.These successful Turkish control programs as well as the history of TB and the current global challenges related to the re-emergence of this deadly disease will be communicated in this article.Tuberculosis was named Phthisis by Ancient Greek physicians 1,2 .Although its meaning is unclear, it might have originated from 'spitting' (saliva) or 'exhaustion' (consumed) in Greek 1,2 .For centuries, Anatolians have called it 'verem' (TB), 'ince a grı' (subtle pain), 'ince hastalık' (thinning disease), or 'kuru hastalık' (dry illness).It is important to note this name has a unique definition in various languages: 'fading, weakened, exhausted' 2 .Currently, each of the human-infecting strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) derives from a different common ancestor forming six major lineages.Lineages 5 and 6, which include M. africanum strains, are encountered in Western Africa.However, other lineages display significant variation in their distribution.The strains of lineage 1 within the EAI [East African-Indian] spoligotype cluster are accepted as the 'ancient' M. tuberculosis strains.They are frequently encountered in India and on the shores of Indian Ocean.Ancestral strains of M. tuberculosis spread via migration from India evolving into 'modern' lineages 2 (Beijing), 3 CAS (Central Asian